Date: Mon, 02 Feb 1998 22:27:23 -0800 (PST)
From: Alice McCombs <amccombs@igc.apc.org>

Contents

1. AUSTRALIA: Twenty uranium mines threaten WA
2. Indigenous people and Uranium mining
3. New Principle To Protect Human Health

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1. AUSTRALIA: Twenty uranium mines threaten WA

Topic 22               Green Left #304 February 4, 1998    Response 25 of 55
peg:greenleft                 Green Left Weekly           12:25 PM  Feb  3, 1998

By Justin Harman

PERTH - The federal government's decision to remove restrictions
on uranium mining has given a new lease of life to mining giants
interested in uranium projects in WA. Already, more than 20 sites
have been identified as possible uranium mines.

The coordinator of the WA Anti-Uranium Coalition, Robin Chappel,
has spent the last few months researching the impact and details
of the uranium projects planned for WA. Not only do these mines
represent a considerable ecological threat, Chappel says, but
they also infringe on the rights of Aboriginal traditional
landowners.

The mine likely to open first is the Kintyre project, located 400
km south-east of Port Hedland, in north-west WA. Mining giant Rio
Tinto, owner of the mine, has already invested over $29 million
for preliminary drilling and the establishment of a camp.

A drop in uranium prices has led the project's temporary
postponement. However, this situation is not expected to last
long.

The Kintyre deposit is different from most other uranium mines in
Australia. The uranium will be extracted from the ore by the
``dry processing'' method, which increases the risk of harmful
radioactive particles being released into the air.

It is also likely that Rio Tinto will be unable to reach the
deposits with an open cut mine, forcing it to go underground.
This situation raises many occupational hazards.

``Workers in the confined spaces will be subject to higher health
risks because of the increased exposure with uranium dust and
radon gas emissions'', Chappel points out.

Even more worrying is the safety record of Rio Tinto. Chappel
points to an incident at a mine operated by CRA, Rio Tinto's
previous incarnation. The Rum Jungle uranium mine in NT released
radioactive tailings into the East Finniss River, killing all
life downstream.

So far, says Chappel, ``[Rio Tinto] has avoided paying back the
$20 million which was spent by the Australian taxpayer in an
attempt to make the aftermath of their mining operation safe''.

The Kintyre operation is not just the result of the Liberals'
open slather policy. While officially operating under a policy of
opening ``no new mines'', the previous WA Labor government, led
by Carmen Lawrence, paved the way for Rio Tinto to begin uranium
mining at Kintyre.

Until 1993, the site was part of the Rudall River National Park,
an area recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency as an
``A'' class reserve because of the diversity of its flora and
fauna. This counted for little, however, when in the mid-'80s CRA
became convinced a large and easily extractable uranium deposit
existed at Kintyre.

``In reaction to this'', says Chappel, ``the state Labor
government prepared a document in 1990 called `Resolution of
Conflict', in which the area of the mine was recommended to be
excised from the park. Formal excision was made by the Court
Liberal government immediately after it took power in 1993.''

Lawrence is now the federal Labor shadow minister for the
environment. She now claims to be opposed to the Kintyre uranium
mine.

Before Kintyre goes a Rio Tinto faces a significant battle not
only with environmentalists, but also with the traditional
inhabitants of the land. In a report prepared for the Wilderness
Society, Chappel stated:

``Until about 30 years ago, the Rudall River region was
continuously occupied by the Martu people. Rock shelters in the
region illustrate continuous human occupation from at least 5000
years ago. In the 1950s and '60s, however, the Martu were rounded
up and removed by the state so the area could be used for
government Blue Streak Missile tests.''

At a meeting in Alice Springs, the Martu people made public their
feelings on the possibility of uranium mining on their land. ``We
don't want uranium from our country to hurt other peoples. The
Aboriginal experience with uranium mining continues to result in
the genocide of our community and the destruction of our
homelands and country.''

There are other forces, besides Rio Tinto, intent on opening WA
to uranium mining. One of the biggest contenders is Acclaim
Uranium NL, established in May 1997, boasting Bill Hassell, a
prominent ex-leader of the WA Liberal Party, as its chairperson.

Acclaim has proposed 15 potential mines covering 5824 sq km of
WA. All but one of its leases are subject to native title claims.

Hassell became infamous in WA for the vicious and racist campaign
he ran against native title as leader of the Liberal Party in the
mid-1980s, making wild claims about how the ``socialist'' federal
Labor government was trying to ``divide Australia on racial
grounds''.

It seems all Acclaim and Rio Tinto are waiting for before
proceeding with their plans is an improvement in global uranium
prices.

The WA Parliamentary Standing Committee on Ecologically
Sustainable Development, d by Greens WA MLC Dr Christine Sharp,
will be accepting submissions and making assessments of the
environmental impact of Kintyre throughout 1998.

The key to stopping these developments is public opposition to
uranium mining. The decision to mine in the World Heritage-listed
areas around Jabiluka has raised awareness of the adverse impact
of uranium mining, both ecologically and for the indigenous
population.

In Perth, this awareness is set to grow. In late February, Jacqui
Katona, executive director of the Gundjehmi Aboriginal
Corporation and representative of the Mirrar people of Kakadu,
will be visiting Perth on a speaking tour.

Also in WA will be film-maker David Bradbury, who will be
presenting the WA premiere of his film, Jabiluka. A national day
of action against Uranium mining in Jabiluka has been set for
March 21.

First posted on the Pegasus conference greenleft.news by
Green Left Weekly. Correspondence and hard copy subsciption
inquiries: greenleft@peg.apc.org

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2. Indigenous people and Uranium mining

saiic                             dev.mining              12:08 PM  Jan 31, 1998
(at igc.apc.org)                                          (From News system)

On October 6, to November 17, 1997 9 people set out on the Indigenous Peoples
Uranium speaking Tour through six countries.  In attendance were Muatijindiuko
Kapika, Himba Tribe, Namibia and his translater Dr. Reinhard Zaire, Larry
Lente,Laguna Pueblo, New Mexico, U.S.A. Joan Wingfield, Kukatha, Australia,
Priscilla Settee and her daughter Mika Settee,Cree and
Sky-Walkinstik-Man-alone, Choctow-Miwak, U.S.A. The tour started in Belgium and
finished in Austria and travelled to Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Finland and
Austria.  What is included below is a personal account written by Priscilla
Settee Cree, from Saskatchewan, Canada.

The uranium tour was headed up to the group For Mother Earth from Belgium.  The
tour provided a forum for Indigenous people from Namibia, New Mexico(USA),
Australia and Canada to speak to European groups about the impact of uranium
mining as experienced by community people from the dominant uranium producing
countries of the world. The tour was also an opportunity to learn of the
hazards which exist in Europe from nuclear reactors and nuclear storage
problems and to learn of peoples resistance to the nuclear industry and
building of communities based on sustainable principles.  We were able to make
important linkages with organizations and individuals who are making nuclear
free existance a reality as in the case of a couple of the Scandinavian
countries and Austria.

Globalization, Indigenous Peoples and the Multilaterial Agreement on
Investment:

Indigenous people in all parts of the world are being greatly impacted by the
process of globalization.  Globalization is characterized by high unemployment,
rapid resource extraction with benefits going elsewhere.  All types of mining
including uranium mining is typical of the type of development which is takes
place on Indigenous lands.  Development is largely for the benefit of outside
interests.  The process of globalization has been helped along by a variety of
International Trade Agreements such as the Free Trade Agreement, the North
American Free Trade Agreement and more recently the Multi Lateral Agreement on
Investment (MAI)which is scheduled to be signed in Paris in 1998.  The MAI has
had no citizen input and is a document that prefers investment rights over
citizens rights.  The MAI has been called the Bill of Rights for Transnational
corporations.  It will mean greater privileges for wealthy corporations and
fewer benefits for communities.  Reaction by the world's indigenous peoples has
been rapid and unequivocally against this new trade agreement.  At the Asia
Pacific Economic Council's(APEC) parallel meeting  in Vancouver in November
1997 the Indigenous Caucus, of the People's Summit met and came out solidly
opposed to the APEC.   A Statement of the Indigenous Peoples Caucus at the 1997
APEC Peoples Summit  outlining Indigenous concerns is attached as an appendix
at the back of this document.

Autumn University:

For my daughter, Mika  and myself the 1997 Uranium tour began with a
presentation on behalf of  the Indigenous Women's Network to the Autumn
University in Aachen and on the topic of globalization and its impact on
Aboriginal communities.  The Autumn university was organized  by a global
coalition of  groups under the name of  Play Fair. The Autumn University is a
two-week seminar which was attended by 150 people aimed at increasing their
involvement in development and environmental issues and strengthening their
solidarity work at the local level. The first Autumn University, in Aachen,
Germany in September-October 1995  resulted in the creation of a global network
of people committed to equitable and sustainable development both in  the North
and in the South and promoting solidarity and environmental work throughout the
world. In February  1998 Playfair has organized the Peoples' Global Action
against Free Trade and the World Trade Organization in Geneva Switzerland to
prepare for the  2nd Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organisation
which happens in May 1998.

At the Autumn University I had the pleasure of meeting with the President of
the Karnataka State Farmers Association(KSFA), Dr. Nanjundaswamy.  The KSFA
represents ten million peasant and Indigenous people who work for sustainable
land rights issues.  Later when I returned to Canada I again met Dr.
Nanjundaswamy at the National Farmers Union where he was keynote speaker. The
KSFA have kept both Cargill and Kentucky Fried Chicken out of India and thus
protected the Indigenous intellectual property rights to seed production and
local control of small scale chicken farming.

After the Autumn University we joined up with the rest of the members of the
tour in Belgium. where we  met with Members of the European Parliament to bring
attention to some of the issues faced by Indigenous people.  Many
Parliamentarians expressed an interest to do a follow up visit to Saskatchewan
and possibly New Mexico to visit the communities which are impacted by uranium
mining.   We also learned that a number European Parlimentarians are working on
some Canadian/Indigenous environmental issues.

Briefs of Country Participants:

Laguna Pueblo:

The community of Laguna Pueblo in New Mexico  lives with the legacy  and
environmental and health effects of the world's largest open pit mine.  The
Anaconda mine which started in the mid 1950's  has been shut down since the mid
1980's  however the problems with environmental hazards remain  The tailings
piles have never been properly or completely decommissioned.  The community
continues to experience health problems and environmental problems from a
wasteland of tailings piles left behind by the mining industry.  In the
community  of Paquate the 8 most recent deaths have been due to cancer.  When
the mines shut down they were within 200 metres of the community.

In Saskatchewan compensation/royalties has not been paid to northerners for
lost income from destroyed traplines.  While some jobs are created(1100) most
do not go to Native northerners and the larger issue of compensation/royalties
from the uranium issue has yet to be addressed. Some communities have asked for
the uranium mines to shut down until health and environmental costs can be
determined.  In Canada over 180 million tons of radioactive tailings exist from
uranium mines.  Some tailings piles in Uranium City  in northern Saskatchewan
for example have never been decommissioned.  These radioactive tailings piles
remain dangerous for hundreds of thousands of years. Saskatchewan produces 32%
of the world's uranium and is among the richest ore in the world.

In Australia the uranium industry uses massive amounts of water  9 million
litres at one site per day and the people in South Australia are unanimous in
shutting down the uranium industry.  In addition the natural mounds caused by
ancient waters being pushed up from the underground sources are disappearing as
are many of the animals which depend on these waters for life.  The shortage of
water in desert areas has meant that the Aboriginal people can no longer go to
these sites to take part in their sacred ceremonies.The people's health of the
region have also been impacted by atomic blasts from the 1950's.

In Namibia the government is planning to build a hydroelectric power dam at
Epupa on the Kunene River.  The area of Epupa is inhabited by the Himba  people
who are opposed to the contruction of this dam.  The Himba's dead are buried at
the site and the Himba consider it a violation to disrupt their dead through
the building of the dam megaproject.  The construction will mean that the Himba
will be uprooted from their lands which they have inhabited since time
immemorial.  To be moved will erase the people from the face of the earth.  The
Himba have asked the government to consider repairing the existing power dam
upstream at Ruacan but have received no response from them.  The Himba believe
that the real reason for building the dam on Himba homelands is to have access
to the uranium, iron and other minerals which exist in Kaokoland.  Also Mowe
Bay on the coast of Kaokoland has been envisaged as the landing port for
nuclear waste.  A previous plan to deposit such waste was stopped by the
European peace movements in 1974.  The Himba believe that such plans are not
abandoned at all.  The Himba have travelled to Europe to ask the European
community for support in stopping the building of the dam and to convince
Parliamentarians not to lend money to the Namibian government for the building
of the dam.  This issue is parallel to the many tribal people around the world
who are being displaced by governments for the sake of "development"

Germany:

Germany has had a long history of resistance to the nuclear industry.  Germany
has 32 nuclear reactors and has seen militant reaction to the transportation
and storage of nuclear waste.  Virtually all communities are saying no to
nuclear storage.  In February  1997 15,000 people  in the village of Gorleban
demonstrated against storing 6 castors, each castor having the  destructive
ability of 150 Hiroshimas .  We visited the city of Zwickau and saw the bitter
reminder of a city which was left without jobs after the uranium mine shut
down.  It is estimated that 8000 workers died from cancer  directly related to
their work at the mines.  The tailings piles left from the mine have created
enormous problems for the town and the ground water one and half miles under
the tailings pond is as radioactive as the ground above.  We spoke to a packed
public meeting organized by the International Physicians for the Prevention of
Nuclear War a group which has a membership of over 100 German members.  Finally
we travelled to Greifswald and met with environmentalists who sucessfully shut
down 5 Russian design nuclear reactors in that region.  Now the community lives
with the threat that this region which is next to the Baltic sea will be home
to  southern Germany's nuclear waste.  People are concerned that the
underground dump will leach radiation into the Baltic sea.  We also spoke at
the University in Greifswald to a packed student audience.

In Denmark the group visited the Renewable Energy Center and saw first hand
environmental friendly methods of producing power.  Denmark has no nuclear
reactors and the country is an environmental inspiration. Denmark wind turbines
are among the most effective and reliable in the world.  About half of the wind
turbines which have been installed world-wide during 1994 are Danish, and over
half of the wind turbines set up around the world are produced in Denmark. We
also met with the Member of Parliament for the Socialist Peoples Party in the
architechturally beautiful Danish Parliament.   We met with representatives
including the Executive Director Inger Sjorslev for the International Working
Group on Indigenous Affairs(IWGIA), a group which is supported by the Danish
government to address human rights abuses against Aboriginal people globally.

Sweden:

We made presentations at the Bibliotech on Uranium  and made several press
statements in cities of Lund and in  Laholm .  We were  graciously treated
guests of the Green Party of Sweden.  We met with representatives of the
Stockholm Environment Institute and the International Institute for
Environmental Technology and Management.  In the early 1950's Sweden had a
small uranium mine but it was closed because it was near an ancient sacred site
and because Australia was able and willing to mine uranium cheaper.

While in Sweden our attention brought to issue of the Euratom Law:

Euratom Law:

The new Euratom Law Directive Euratom 96/29 was passed by the Council of
Ministers in 1996.  It must become UK Law by year 2000 unless stopped by
citizens groups.  This law will permit recycling of nuclear waste into consumer
goods.

"The nuclear industry has hundred of thousands of tons of radioactive waste
stacked up, including metals, glass, plastic and concrete, all too 'hot' under
the present law(The Radioactive Substances Act 1993) to reuse or dump without a
licence.  The new Euratom law will permit the release to the environment or the
recycling of this nuclear waste without any need for reporting or
authorization, so long as the concentration of radioactive sustances in the
waste is below thresholds set out in the Directive.  These new thresholds are
incredibly lax, up to a million times more so than the present law permits.
The new law will make it possible to release large quantities of substances
like the dangerous bone-seeking isotope Strontium-90, like Plutonomium-239,
with a half-life of 24000 years, and Tritium, a form of radioactive water, in
fact, a whole range of lethal, cancer-producing products of nuclear fission,
that never existed on earth throughout

Finland:

The group made several appearances at the University of Helsinki, where we
spoke to student groups at the University of Helsinki, the media and interested
individuals.  Finland has four nuclear reactors, two use uranium from

-------------
South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC)
P.O. Box 28703
Oakland CA, 94604
Phone: (510)834-4263   Fax: (510)834-4264
Email: saiic@igc.apc.org
Office: 1714 Franklin Street, 3rd Floor, Oakland

Home Page: http://www.nativeweb.org/saiic

For more information about SAIIC, send an empty email message to:

saiic-info@igc.apc.org

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3. New Principle To Protect Human Health

econet                  IGC Networks Headlines Digest      7:27 PM  Feb  2, 1998

/* Written 11:07 AM  Feb  2, 1998 by ccray@dialb.greenpeace.org in list.dioxin *
/
/* ---------- "(Fwd) Wingspread press release" ---------- */

From: "Charlie  Cray" <ccray@dialb.greenpeace.org>

For Immediate Release

For further information contact:
Carolyn Raffensperger
Science and Environmental Health Network
Phone: 701-763-6286
E-mail: 75114.1164@compuserve.com

New Principle to Protect Human Health and the Environment

When it comes to activities that affect human health and the
environment, "better safe than sorry" and "look before you leap" should
be the guiding principles, say environmental leaders who met in Racine,
Wisconsin, in late January.

At the conclusion of a three-day conference at Wingspread, headquarters
of the Johnson Foundation, the diverse group issued a statement calling
for government, corporations, communities and scientists to implement
the "precautionary principle" in making decisions.

According to their statement, "When an activity raises threats of harm
to the environment or human health, precautionary measures should be
taken even if some cause and effect relationships are not fully
established scientifically."

The 32 participants included treaty negotiators, activists, scholars and
scientists from the United States, Canada and Europe. The conference was
called to define and discuss implementing the precautionary principle,
which has been used as the basis for a growing number of international
agreements.

The idea of precaution underpins some U.S. policy, such as the
requirement for environmental impact statements before major projects
are launched using federal funds. But most existing laws and regulations
focus on cleaning up and controlling damage rather than preventing it.
The group concluded that these policies do not sufficiently protect
people and the natural world.

Participants expressed alarm about growing problems such as learning
deficiencies, cancer, and asthma as well as global climate change,
species extinction and ozone depletion, which are often difficult to
link with precise causes and predictable outcomes.

"The precautionary principle is common sense. We need to prevent
questionable practices rather than simply dealing with their bad
effects," said Ken Geiser of the University of Massachusetts, Lowell.

"We often don't know for sure what harm there will be until people have
suffered or the damage is irreparable. Scientists don't want to say what
will happen before they know for sure. By then, the damage is done."

"Most people think we already have the precautionary principle," said
Diane Takvorian, a community organizer with the Environmental Health
Coalition in San Diego, California. "Then something poisons their food
or water or makes them ill and they are surprised. They are outraged
that democracy doesn't seem to apply to their own health."

"Precaution is natural in our lives," said Gordon Durnil, a lawyer from
Indianapolis, Indiana. "From my perspective as a conservative
Republican, this is a conservative principle."

Durnil, who served during the Bush administration on a commission
established to resolve problems between the United States and Canada,
said, "I found a system that used scientific uncertainty as proof that
no harm was possible. Many policy makers and many in the public believe
that if you can't prove it is true, then it is not true."

Durnil said the commission learned that governments were stocking fish
in the Great Lakes and then were warning people not to eat those fish.
But when commissioners asked scientists what they knew about the effects
of pollutants on public health and wildlife, scientists were reluctant
to answer.

"Then we stopped asking scientists what they knew and started asking
them what they believed," Durnil said. "That's when we began getting at
the truth.

Carolyn Raffensperger, coordinator of a network that links scientists
with environmental groups and issues, said the precautionary principle
"has the potential to change how we make decisions about public health
and the environment. This principle challenges business and government
to think and act in a different way."  Joel Tickner, also with the
network, elaborated by saying "the challenge is to act on a suspicion of
harm and be creative about those actions.  Precautionary action may
include pursuing safer alternatives, restricting or phasing out
practices or substances, developing new "clean" technologies, or doing
nothing at all."

Participants noted that current policies such as risk assessment and
cost-benefit analysis give the benefit of the doubt to new products and
technologies, which may later prove harmful.  And when damage occurs,
victims and their advocates have the difficult task of proving that a
product or activity was responsible.

The precautionary principle shifts the burden of proof, insisting that
those responsible for an activity must vouch for its harmlessness and be
held responsible if damage occurs.

"The process of applying the precautionary principle must be open,
informed and democratic and must include potentially affected parties,"
the group's statement concluded.

Raffensperger added,  "The role of science is essential. But the public
must be fully involved. Informed consent is just as essential."

The conference was convened by the Science and Environmental Health
Network, an organization that links science with the public interest,
and by the Johnson Foundation, the W. Alton Jones Foundation, the C.S.
Fund and the Lowell Center for Sustainable Production at the University
of Massachusetts-Lowell.

Wingspread Statement on the Precautionary Principle

The release and use of toxic substances, the exploitation of resources,
and physical alterations of the environment have had substantial
unintended consequences affecting human health and the environment.
Some of these concerns are high rates of learning deficiencies, asthma,
cancer, birth defects and species extinctions; along with global climate
change, stratospheric ozone depletion and worldwide contamination with
toxic substances and nuclear materials.

We believe existing environmental regulations and other decisions,
particularly those based on risk assessment, have failed to protect
adequately human health and the environment - the larger system of which
humans are but a part.

We believe there is compelling evidence that damage to humans and the
worldwide environment is of such magnitude and seriousness that new
principles for conducting human activities are necessary.

While we realize that human activities may involve hazards, people must
proceed more carefully than has been the case in recent history.
Corporations, government entities, organizations, communities,
scientists and other individuals must adopt a precautionary approach to
all human endeavors.

Therefore, it is necessary to implement the Precautionary Principle:

When an activity raises threats of harm to human health or the
environment, precautionary measures should be taken even if some cause
and effect relationships are not fully established scientifically.

In this context the proponent of an activity, rather than the public,
should bear the burden of proof.

The process of applying the Precautionary Principle must be open,
informed and democratic and must include potentially affected parties.
It must also involve an examination of the full range of alternatives,
including no action.

Wingspread Participants:

(Affiliations are noted for identification purposes only.)

Dr. Nicholas Ashford, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Katherine Barrett, Univ. of British Columbia
Anita Bernstein, Chicago-Kent College of Law
Dr. Robert Costanza, University of Maryland
Pat Costner, Greenpeace
Dr. Carl Cranor, Univ. of California, Riverside
Dr. Peter deFur, Virginia Commonwealth Univ.
Gordon Durnil, attorney
Dr. Kenneth Geiser, Toxics Use Reduction Institute, Univ. of Mass.,
Lowell
Dr. Andrew Jordan, Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global
Environment, Univ. Of East Anglia, United Kingdom
Andrew King, United Steelworkers of America, Canadian Office, Toronto,
Canada
Dr. Frederick Kirschenmann, farmer
Stephen Lester, Center for Health, Environment and Justice
Sue Maret, Union Institute
Dr. Michael M'Gonigle, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
Dr. Peter Montague, Environmental Research Foundation
Dr. John Peterson Myers, W. Alton Jones Foundation
Dr. Mary O'Brien, environmental consultant
Dr. David Ozonoff, Boston University
Carolyn Raffensperger, Science and Environmental Health Network
Hon. Pamela Resor, Massachusetts House of Representatives
Florence Robinson, Louisiana Environmental Network
Dr. Ted Schettler, Physicians for Social Responsibility
Ted Smith, Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition
Dr. Klaus-Richard Sperling, Alfred-Wegener- Institut, Hamburg, Germany
Dr. Sandra Steingraber, author
Diane Takvorian, Environmental Health Coalition
Joel Tickner, University of Mass., Lowell
Dr. Konrad von Moltke, Dartmouth College
Dr. Bo Wahlstrom, KEMI (National Chemical Inspectorate), Sweden
Jackie Warledo, Indigenous Environmental Network

Charlie Cray
Greenpeace US Toxics Campaign
847 W. Jackson Blvd., 7th floor
Chicago, IL 60607
Ph: (312) 563-6063
Fax: (312) 563-6099
Note new e-mail address: Charlie.Cray@dialb.greenpeace.org

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