Date: Fri, 06 Feb 1998 22:33:15 -0800 (PST)
From: Alice McCombs <amccombs@igc.apc.org>

Contents

1. New Mining Lesgislation South Africa
2. Canada's Corporate Conquistadores Abroad
3. Environmentalist's Guide to the Public Library
4. Brazil Allows Indigenous Sustainable Logging by Indigenous
5. Excerpt, Enviro-Newsbrief: A Spiritual Lens On the Environment

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1. New Mining Lesgislation South Africa

Date: Fri, 6 Feb 1998 15:32:04 -0500
From: SteFAN Cramer <ADFC_Goslar@compuserve.com>

Dear friends and colleagues,

The new Republic of South Africa is actively restructuring the legislative
framework of the most important part of its economy, the mineral industry.
The HEINRICH BOELL FOUNDATION (hbs) in cooperation with its South African
partners is involved in assisting the civil society sector top formulate
its own policy inputs into the public debate.

After long delays, the government draft policy (The Green Paper) is finally
out and can be downloaded at <http://www.gov.za/green2~1.htm>. For your
convenience, we have attached this document here in a simple text formate
for ease of downloading.

We are inviting you to stusdy this important document and formulate your
own opinion,s statements, comments and suggestions, which will be further
deliberated in forthcoming conference in South Africa on the subject. We
fell it is an important document, which will partly shape the future of
South Africa and could have implications elsewhere.

Please respond to:

Environmental Monitoring Group (EMG)
Unit 18b, The Waverley, Wyecroft Road, Mowbray
P.O. Box 123, Observatory 7935
Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA
0027/21/4483900, Fax 0027-21-479784
e-mail: INTERNET: envmongr@wn.apc.org
EMG in the WWW: http://www.gem.co.za/EMG/

or the undersigned.

Yours very sincerely

Dr. Stefan Cramer
- Africa Coordinator -
Heinrich Boell Foundation (hbs)
Rosenthaler Str. 40/41
D-10178
GERMANY
Tel. +49-30-28534-340
Fax +49-30-28534-309
e-mail: cramer@boell.de

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2. Canada's Corporate Conquistadores Abroad

Date: Fri, 6 Feb 1998 00:33:42 -0800
From: SISIS@envirolink.org (S.I.S.I.S.)
Sender: owner-sovernet-l@speakeasy.org

[S.I.S.I.S. note: Canadian colonialism and the rapacious resource-rape of
indigenous nations, backed up with legal and political chicanery, complicit
collaborators or coercion and naked force has gone relatively unnoticed by
the international community. However, Oka, Davis Inlet, Dudley George and
Gustafsen Lake are names that increasingly have alerted the world to this
hidden holocaust of forced occupation, ecocide and genocide.

What is less well known is the extent to which corporate Canadian
Conquistadores also prey upon the peoples and countries of the so-called
Third World. According to a recent article by writer Ian Mulgrew, two
thirds of global mining projects are financed out of Toronto or Vancouver.
Furthermore, "private armies, coups, bribery - just another day at the
office for Canadian companies operating in Third World countries, where
armies of mercenaries protect mineral concessions and the outcomes of
small wars can sway profit margins for penny stock players...."]

GUNNING FOR BUSINESS

Vancouver Sun, Jan. 31, 1998, page C1, by Ian Mulgrew

Kinshasa is bustling with a casbah of investors offering cash for mineral,
oil and gas rights. The big French oil firm, Elf, is purportedly carpeting
the country in green to ensure its oil leases are maintained. Just
returned, Toronto-based security consultant Alan Bell shakes his head over
the sordid scenes he witnessed in the Democratic Republic of Congo,
formerly Zaire. "Typical African politicians," said the ex-British SAS
officer of Laurent Kabila's newly installed administration. You know, 'I'm
the president, I'm the minister, I don't know how long I'm going to be in
power so let's start looking at my pension right now and not worry about
it in four years time."

Bell provides advice as well as military training for companies investing
in the nations plagued by political instability but blessed with a
treasure trove of natural resources. Most of his clients are Canadian
firms with interests in Africa and South America. Two thirds of global
mining projects are financed out of Toronto or Vancouver, according to
estimates by the Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada. From
the blue-chip firms such as Barrick Gold Corp. to penny-stocks such as
Global Explorations, there are as many as 500 Canadian firms grubbing for
precious metals and gems, and drilling for oil and gas from Argentina to
Zaire. And, as they move into more and more troubled countries, their
business practices are attracting more and more attention.

Today the focus is on the Congo. With the smoke from the civil war
dissipated, the bidding war has begun between companies granted mining
concessions under the previous regime of Mobutu Sese Seko and those who
helped Kabila overthrow it. Tenke Mining Corp.of Vancouver, for instance,
held fast rather than abandon a planned $1.8 Billion copper and cobalt mine
in Congo's Shaba province. It later cut a deal with Kabila, who even flew
to Toronto to reassure wary investors that his was a "free enterprise-
oriented" revolution, if you'd contributed to his movement. The situation
is the same as it was last year in Sierra Leone when a coup toppled that
country's government, "maybe worse," said Bell.

"If you ingratiate yourself with the government in power and make certain
agreements with them, you end up getting the concessions. The company that
makes the best concessions to the man who runs the country wins. That's
part and parcel of the African way of doing business." Liberia is the butt
of current jokes. Recently elected president Charles G Taylor is known as
"Superglue" because everything he touches, he keeps. On a more serious
tone, keeping and protecting corporate assets - everything from the raw
rocks and logs to the mining or gas leases - is a major issue. And the
concern is not armed versus unarmed security guards but rather, if
necessary, how much military aid you are prepared to give the government?

Last year at this time, Canadian companies were involved in mercenary
operations aimed at stabilizing two regimes so they could exploit stands
of exotic timber and coffers of precious resources. In Papua New Guinea, a
military assault by a South African based private army with
Toronto-Vancouver connections, Executive Outcomes, was secretly hired by
the government to quell local resistance to mining. The raid was aborted
after a rival, London-based company paid for the New Guinea army to
intervene. In spite of that setback, within weeks, a key organizer for
Executive Outcomes was in Vancouver pitching another military operation to
subdue rebel activity in Sierra Leone and so facilitate bauxite
mining. (Executive Outcomes was instrumental in 1995 in Toronto-listed
Diamond Works acquiring mineral properties. Tony Buckingham and Michael
Grunberg, two directors of Diamond Works are also senior managers with the
Executive Outcomes group of companies.)

Fugitive Thai financier Rakesh Saxena said that when his investments in
Sierra Leone were threatened he turned to Executive Outcomes on the advice
of Financier Robert Friedland, the man behind the colossal Voisey's Bay
nickel find, and his brother Eric, who also is a director of Diamond Works.
Although he faces extradition to Thailand for his putative role in a
massive embezzlement, Saxena has been a major player in the West African
mining industry since the early 1990s. In an interview before his recent
arrest in Vancouver, Saxena provided a rare glimpse inside the world of
such exploration company financiers. He paints it as a world where bribing
officials, lending a plane without question, providing needed supplies or
contributing a quick infusion of cash are surer ways of obtaining rights
than staking a property.

"This is what is very difficult for you to understand in Canada," Saxena
said. "It's done all the time. You're walking down the street and you have
to bribe a cop. It's that common. I'm not talking judgment. I'm not saying
there's anything wrong with it. I'm not passing judgment. All I'm saying
is that if you are doing business in that country that is what you have to
do." In the case of Sierra Leone, he paid EO  $70,000 US for an assessment
and battle plan, called "Operation Castle," whose aim was to "reinstate
the exiled leaders of Sierra Leone," and get his mine back in production.
Before it could be launched, however, news of the military operation was
leaked to the media, and it was cancelled. But in Saxena's opinion such
decisions are common for executives who must operate in an often truly
lawless wilderness. "It's the kind of protection that local governments
can't provide on their own," Saxena said. "They don't have the money, they
don't have the skills in many places."

The more unstable a country, the more military hardware a resource company
must commandeer. While Bell provides only training and consulting
services, other firms, such as Executive Outcomes, offer well-armed
brigades and battle tanks to those who covet Third World diamonds, gold
and lumber. Angola demands oil and gas firms have their own protection and
as a result there are some 80 private armies in the southern African
nation. And while they may be soldiers of fortune rather than soldiers of
state, they belie the enduring image of unruly privateer. Executive
Outcomes and its competitors offer pocket-sized armies that are better
trained, better equipped and better paid than many national forces.
Everyone agreed it did a great job restoring law and order during an
earlier mission in Sierra Leone, Saxena said.

"While they were there, while they had the contract, Sierra Leone was one
of the most stable states in West Africa," Saxena said. (Even the United
Nations concedes that.) "Every Canadian company operating in certain parts
of Africa will confirm to you the need for some kind of security," Saxena
insisted. For mining, oil and gas firms, he added, it is the reality of
operating in the developing world, and the security is always done with
the approval of the host government. "The companies who are operating
there appreciate the need for these services, and the brokers appreciate
it," Saxena said. "They understand that you have to protect your assets
and it's not fair to raise money in a public market if you can't secure
the assets."

To some it's a pricey pact with the devil, to others it's cold-eyed
pragmatism: you can't do business in an unstable country. When the UN
can't or won't intervene - which is often the case in Africa, where
national armies are riddled with ethnic, religious and personal
differences - who are you going to call? Fortunately , for those in need,
there may soon be a section in the Yellow Pages for "Dogs of War." In
Russia, there are now 9,800 such "security" firms registered: in
Africa,there are 90 private military forces. Others are listed in Hong
Kong, London and the US. The Virginia-based Military Professional
Resources Incorporated, for example, boasts a number of retired US
generals on its staff and has received numerous government contracts.

One western intelligence source recently summed up the bull market for
soldiers of fortune: "Unlimited potential for expansion and
self-enrichment. Certainly, within Africa, there is little evidence of the
bandwagon slowing down." A study by the US Army War College said such
firms pose serious questions: Should governments sign non-aggression pacts
with powerful transnationals? Should there be laws to prevent the
accumulation of non-economic power by companies? What about human rights
and the laws of war - international conventions bind states, not
corporations? "Instead of organizing clandestinely, they now operate out
of office suites, have public affairs staff and Web sites, and offer
marketing literature," said David Isenberg, a senior research analyst for
the US Center for Defense Information, a non-profit, non-partisan
Washington think-tank.

Part of the problem is that these nations are already the world's
"geological scandals" - home to embarrassments of riches and shameful
administrations. In the name of international business, the unscrupulous
exploit the structural weaknesses in developing economies and the
character weaknesses of Third World politicians. Poorly established
institutions, high rates of illiteracy and few checks and balances on
leaders encourage rather than hinder monumental avarice. Roads, factories,
houses, all go unbuilt because it is too great a temptation to line one's
pockets or fill a Swiss bank account. As Isenberg concluded in a recent
monograph he authored on the new mercenaries: "Clearly, if power continues
to accrue to transnational corporations, the US will have to rethink some
of the basic tenets of its approach to security and world politics."

As the botched coup in Sierra Leone and the current scramble for
concessions in the Congo illustrate, so will Canada.
:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:

Letters to the Vancouver Sun: sunletters@pacpress.southam.ca

In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. section 107, this material is
distributed without profit or payment to those who have expressed a prior
interest in receiving this information for non-profit research and
educational purposes only.

:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:
    S.I.S.I.S.   Settlers In Support of Indigenous Sovereignty
        P.O. Box 8673, Victoria, "B.C." "Canada" V8X 3S2

        EMAIL: SISIS@envirolink.org
        WWW: http://kafka.uvic.ca/~vipirg/SISIS/SISmain.html

    SOVERNET-L is a news-only listserv concerned with indigenous
    sovereigntist struggles around the world.  To subscribe, send
    "subscribe sovernet-l" in the body of an email message to
                     <majordomo@speakeasy.org>
          For more information on sovernet-l, contact S.I.S.I.S.
:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:

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3. Environmentalist's Guide to the Public Library

Date:         Sun, 1 Feb 1998 02:56:45 EST
Sender: Environmental Studies Discussion List <ENVST-L@BROWNVM.BROWN.EDU>
Comments:     Originally-From: Carolyn Chase <cdchase@znet.com>

Libraries for the Future offers The Environmentalist's Guide to the
  Public Library, an information handbook for environmental organizers. It
provides
  advice for environmentalists on how to draw on resources at the public
library,
  profiles of model library programs and the environmental advocates who helped
  create them, and tips on how to work with libraries to increase access to
  environmental information.

For more information about how to use your public library to access
environmental information, order a free copy of the updated 1997 version of
The Environmentalist's Guide to the Public Library
http://www.lff.org/services/envgui.html.

THE ENVIRONMENTALIST'S GUIDE TO THE PUBLIC LIBRARY is available
free (up to 5 copies) from Libraries for the Future, 121 West
27th Street, Suite 1102, New York, NY 10001; phone:  (800)
542-1918; fax:  (212) 352-2342; E-mail:  lff@lff.org.

  The Environmentalist's Guide to the Public Library

  TABLE OF CONTENTS

               Introduction
               The Public Library: An Essential Resource
               Your Right to Know and the Public Library
               The Future of Environmental Information Access
               Researching Environmental Information
               Using Classification Systems for Enivronmental Material
               Using the Library to Get Information from Organizations and
Governments
               Researching the Environment Online
               The Public Library: A Natural Partner
               Working with Librarians
               Using the Library to Reach the Public
               Using the Library to Influence Government and Industry
               Building a Stronger Library
               Advocating for the Library
               Conclusion
               Afterword

  Profiles of communities and libraries cooperating to offer public access to
  environmental information.

  Resources for environmental and public library advocates.

Other info and alerts related to the environment

http://www.lff.org./advocacy/environment/index.html
http://www.lff.org.

--------------------------------------------------------------------

                         BOOK REVIEW
by Environmental Research Foundation   .
 (ERF), P.O. Box 5036, Annapolis, MD 21403-7036.  Telephone:   .
. (410) 263-1584, Fax: (410) 263-8944, E-mail: erf@rachel.org.  .

When you first face an environmental problem such as the siting
of a landfill or groundwater contamination, you recognize the
need for information.  You might want to know what a landfill is,
or something about the chemical they just found in your water
supply.  Many people overlook the most available place for this
type of information -- their public library.

If you have been frustrated by the environmental resources
available in your library or have never used your public library
for researching environmental problems, then you need THE
ENVIRONMENTALIST'S GUIDE TO THE PUBLIC LIBRARY (updated 1997
edition) from Libraries for the Future, a national non-profit
organization of public library advocates.  Even though your
public library may not have all the resources you need, it can be
a central link to the information available locally and globally.
This guide not only tells you about the resources available in
your public library but it explains how environmental material is
classified in libraries, how to use the library to get
information from organizations and government agencies, how to
research the environment online, and how to work with librarians.

This guide also helps you become an advocate for your public
library with information on using the library to reach the
public, using the library to influence government and industry,
building a stronger library and advocating for the library.

Interspersed throughout this publication are profiles of
community groups that used their public library to research an
environmental problem.  Often these profiles discuss how the
library expanded its capacity through partnering with community
organizations, government offices, special research libraries,
and, increasingly, through the Internet.

THE ENVIRONMENTALIST'S GUIDE TO THE PUBLIC LIBRARY is available
free (up to 5 copies) from Libraries for the Future, 121 West
27th Street, Suite 1102, New York, NY 10001; phone:  (800)
542-1918; fax:  (212) 352-2342; E-mail:  lff@lff.org.

Carolyn Chase, Earth Day Network
++ Register & Search for Earth Day events at:
http://www.sdearthtimes.com/edn
++ Reference and archive at:
http://www.cfe.cornell.edu/EarthDay/ednethome.html

PO Box 9827 San Diego CA 92169
(619)272-7370   FAX:(619)272-2933
email: earthday@qualcomm.com

Distributed via the Earth Day Network. The mission of the Earth Day Network
is to increase awareness, responsibility and action toward a clean, healthy
environment for all living things using Earth Day as a catalyst.

To submit Earth Day-related items or to  join a moderated email list of
announcements and reports on projects and ideas for using Earth Day as a
catalyst for positive change, send email to earthday@qualcomm.com

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

4. Brazil Allows Indigenous Sustainable Logging by Indigenous

grbarry                   General Rainforest Issues       10:39 PM  Feb  5, 1998
(at students.wisc.edu)

***********************************************
WORLDWIDE FOREST/BIODIVERSITY CAMPAIGN NEWS
Brazil Allows Sustainable Logging by Indigenous
***********************************************
Forest Networking a Project of Ecological Enterprises
     http://forests.org/

2/5/98
OVERVIEW, SOURCE & COMMENTARY by EE
In a potentially positive move, Brazil has approved creation of the
first sustainable logging project on indigenous lands in the Amazon.
The challenge of this approach will be to make it work on the ground,
and to actually succeed in coupling conservation based sustainable
management with maintenance of forest ecosystem and biodiversity
values.  It is equally important that the promise of sustainable, even
certified logging, not be used as justification to log all remaining
ancient forests.  However, there are obviously situations, including
pressing local development needs which preclude total forest
preservation, where sustainable management (in reality not just
rhetoric) is an important tool for forest conservation.  What is
needed is the ecological wisdom and social understanding to choose the
proper mix of preservation and conservation based sustainable-use in
order to maintain functional natural forest systems over large areas.
g.b.

*******************************
RELAYED TEXT STARTS HERE:

Title:     Brazil allows sustainable logging by Amazon tribe
Source:    Reuters
Status:    Copyright by source, contact for reprint permissions
Date:      February 4, 1998
Byline:    By Joelle Diderich

BRASILIA, Feb 4 (Reuters) - Brazil on Wednesday approved the creation
of the first sustainable logging project on indigenous land in the
Amazon in an effort to stem the devastation of its fragile ecosystem
by commercial logging.

The project, partially funded by the World Bank, will eventually
permit the Xikrin tribe to selectively log an area equivalent to nine
percent of their reservation in the northern state of Para over a
period of 40 years.

"This project is of special importance to us because it represents the
first time there will be sustainable management of a forest in an
indigenous area," said World Bank regional director Gobind Nankani.

The Brazilian government hopes to promote sustainable logging as one
of several measures to slow deforestation in the Amazon. Official data
released last week showed an area twice the size of Belgium was
deforested between 1995 and 1997. The government announced on Tuesday
the creation of seven new national forests in the Amazon which it may
now lease to logging companies under strict environmental rules.

"It's not viable nowadays to imagine that something will happen to
stop commercial activity in the Amazon," said Paulo Beninca, director
of renewable natural resources at the government's Environment
Institute (IBAMA).

Previous government policies in the Amazon have failed to prevent
businesses from plundering tribal reservations of their natural
resources.

"In indigenous areas there is predatory exploitation which goes
against the interests of the indigenous population," said Beninca. "We
are going to interrupt this process. It will be reverted to the
benefit of the community."

The World Bank and recently privatized Brazilian mining giant
Companhia Vale do Rio Doce have invested $400,000 in a pilot program
to log and sell a variety of valuable tropical hardwoods from 1,400
hectares (3,460 acres) of the reservation.

If successful, the project will expanded to 40,000 hectares (98,800
acres) of the Xikrins' 439,150-hectare (1.08 million acre)
reservation.

Logging firms damaged swathes of the Xikrin do Catete reservation
under illegal agreements they had with the tribe in the 1980s,
according to the Social-Environmental Institute, which is helping the
tribe sue those companies.

One of the aims of the new program is to market less popular varieties
of timber and take the pressure off the small number of species which
are currently most logged.

"We are trying to sign exclusive contracts with wood sellers for a
certain period of time so that they will be our partners," said the
institute's anthropologist Isabelle Giannini, who has worked on the
project from the start.

"The task of these companies would be to open up the market," she told
Reuters.

But Giannini and other officials were only cautiously optimistic about
the success of the venture, pointing out that it represents virgin
territory for most of the parties involved and that Brazil has little
experience of sustainable logging.

"There is a great will for this to succeed. The implementation is
something else," Giannini said.

Tribal chief Karangre Xikrin said that while the project was a
milestone for the community, he was frustrated at the pace of
discussions since its creation in 1993.

"You know how the white man is, always lots of bureaucracy,"  e said.
However, he predicted that "if this works, and it will work, we are
going to spread it to other villages."

For IBAMA, the cultural challenge is twofold.

One the one hand, to understand the age-old values and traditions of
the Xikrin and on the other, to introduce a functional model of
sustainable management in an area scarred by years of large-scale
commercial exploration.

"The big question...is to prevent the indigenous population from
taking a mercenary attitude," said IBAMA's Beninca. "Only time will
tell."

###RELAYED TEXT ENDS###
This document is a PHOTOCOPY for educational, personal and non-
commercial use only.  Recipients should seek permission from the
source for reprinting.  All efforts are made to provide accurate,
timely pieces; though ultimate responsibility for verifying all
information rests with the reader.  Check out our Gaia Forest
Conservation Archives at URL= http://forests.org/
Networked by Ecological Enterprises, grbarry@students.wisc.edu

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

5. Excerpt, Enviro-Newsbrief: A Spiritual Lens On the Environment

Date: Tue, 3 Feb 1998 15:23:43 -0500 (EST)
Sender: environb-l@valley.rtpnc.epa.gov

Enviro-Newsbrief                             February 3, 1998

     The following is a daily update summarizing news of interest
to EPA staff. It includes information from current news sources:
newspapers, newsletters, and other publications. For more
information, contact the EPA Headquarters Information Resources
Center at (202) 260-5922, or e-mail LIBRARY-HQ.

**Viewpoints expressed in the following summaries do not
necessarily reflect EPA policy**

** ENVIRONMENTALISM **

A Spiritual Lens On the Environment.  The Washington Post,
February 3, 1998, ppA1, A6.

     Religious groups around the nation are increasingly becoming
concerned with environmental issues such as recycling and
reducing waste, conservation of natural resources, protection of
species, and clean water, air and land. Seeing the environment as
God's creation, they are emphasizing humanity's role in
stewardship of the earth.

     Pope John Paul II has said that "the ecological crisis is a
moral issue," and Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I, who is the
leader of the Orthodox Christian community, refers to the
pollution of the environment as a sin.

     Even religious denominations that are traditionally
conservative are beginning to give environmental concerns more
attention.

     "We evangelicals are recognizing more and more that
environmental issues are not Republican or Democratic, that they
really come from the most wonderful teachings that we have in
Scripture, which command us to honor God by caring for creation,"
said the Rev. Stan L. LeQuire, the director of the Evangelical
Environmental Network, a group that organizes environmental
activities among Christian congregations.

     The Jewish community is also focusing more attention on
environmental matters.  Warren Stone, the rabbi of Temple
Emmanuel in Kensington, MD, participated in an interfaith prayer
vigil at the climate change conference in Japan last December and
helped to found Shomrei Adamah, an environmental group whose
Hebrew name means "Guardians of the Earth."

     Religious leaders who have traditionally worked on social
justice issues in their communities are seeing the ties between
environmental quality and poverty and quality of life.

     Leaders of inner-city churches in the Washington, DC, area
are focusing on environmental justice issues as part of their
ministries.

     "I don't think we as an African American community are quite
where the Sierra Club is," said the Rev. Wallace Charles Smith,
the senior minister at Shiloh Baptist Church in Washington. "But
trying to detoxify our environment so that we are living in a
community where we can be productive and healthy is a vital
concern."

     Smith emphasizes that "being overly materialistic leads to
the rape of our environment.  It is a profound selfishness, and
the Bible is quite clear that selfishness at any level is
contrary to the teachings of the Gospel."

     EPA Administrator Carol Browner says, "I've certainly
noticed in the last five or six years a growing interest in the
environment by religious organizations."  She notes that groups
that are heavily involved in environmental justice activities
often have "very strong ties to the churches and religious
community."

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