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EarthWINS Daily 5.9
October 12, 2000
Date: Thu, 12 Oct 2000 07:40:41 -0500
From: EarthWINS Daily <EarthWINS-Daily@earthwins.com>
Contents
1. Cheney wants mining industry support
2. Longwall Mining Report
3. Response from Billiton
4. Re: Application by WEPCO for additional dry cask storage
at Point Be ach
Nuclear Power Plant
5. SAVE THE CLIMATE TREATY -- Build a dike around world
leaders!
6. First annual Green Power Trade Show
7. NGOs Demand US Reverse Pro-Nuclear Position on Climate
8. Australia seeds Arctic waters with iron
9. Gene scientists disable plants' immune system
10. Reassessing Dioxin
11. Wisconsin Energy Corp. supporting natural gas pipeline
12. New Belizean Environmental Website
*************************************************
1. Cheney wants mining industry support
From: Burroak15@aol.com
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2000 22:37:45 EDT
Press Release
SOURCE: National Mining Association
Cheney Asks for Mining Industry Support
Vice-Presidential Nominee Motivates MINExpo(R) Attendees To Make a
Difference
on November 7
LAS VEGAS, Oct. 10 /PRNewswire/ -- Republican vice-presidential nominee
Richard Cheney asked mining industry representatives today to support
the
Bush-Cheney ticket on Election Day. ``I urge you to vote, and I urge
you to
encourage your family, friends and neighbors to vote, and if you will
support
us on November 7, we will do all we can to support you,'' Cheney said
to
nearly 500 attendees at the Excellence in Surface Mining Reclamation
Awards
breakfast held in conjunction with National Mining Association's MINExpo
2000®.
MINExpo, the mining industry's largest and most comprehensive trade
show in
the world, officially opened on Monday and is hosting over 40,000 mining
industry personnel from around the world at the Las Vegas Convention
Center.
Secretary Cheney, in Las Vegas for other campaign appointments, accepted
the
industry's invitation to appear at the breakfast and spoke to the crowd
on
the importance of domestic energy and our nation's mineral resources
to
sustain today's economy. ``Energy is truly the building block of our
successful economy,'' said Cheney, ``and we want to do all we can to
ensure
America has a sound energy policy for our future.''
``We are grateful to Secretary Cheney for taking time out of his busy
schedule to talk to us this morning. The development of sound energy
and
natural resource policies are critical to the future of economic development
in America, and we are gratified that Dick Cheney and George W. Bush
have
made these important issues part of the political debate,'' said NMA
President and CEO Richard L. Lawson.
SOURCE: National Mining Association
**********************************************
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2000 19:16:11 GMT
From: jturner@voicenet.com (J. Turner)
Newsgroups: pa.environment
The Raymond Proffitt Foundation announces the availability of a report
prepared by Schmid and Company that documents the failure of the
regulatory agencies to protect wetlands and streams from the adverse
impacts of longwall mining. This coal mining technique removes
all of
the coal beneath the surface of the land in a panel that may be 1000
feet wide and 2 miles long. As the coal is removed, the land
surface
above the mined panel immediately subsides, sometimes by as much as
4
feet, causing streams, springs and wells to go dry, or turning streams
with biologically productive pool/riffle/run complexes into on-stream
lakes. The subsidence causes enormous damage to wetlands, streams,
homes, highways, wells, gas lines, water lines, and other
infrastructure. To date the coal companies have undermined about
100,000 acres of southwestern Pennsylvania using this high-extraction
technique, which means that the water resources of an entire region
are at risk.
Unfortunately the damage to aquatic resources does not have to happen.
As the report documents, the DEP’s mining regulations provide clear
guidance to the operators that they “shall, to the extent possible,
using the best technology currently available, minimize disturbances
and adverse impacts of the activities on fish, wildlife and related
environmental values...”
Ironically, there is more regulatory protection for the aquatic
resources of the Commonwealth than for homes, wells and highways
damaged by longwall mining. However, regardless of the regulatory
constraints imposed on longwall mining, the companies are free to
adversely affect stream and wetlands, without any action taken by the
Department of Environmental Protection.
As is customary with longwall mining, the costs of the adverse impacts
to the aquatic ecosystem are imposed on the environment, on the
residents of the coal fields, and on Pennsylvania taxpayers who have
long been obliged to clean up the environmental damage from coal
mining, instead of the coal mine operators themselves.
The full text of the report and executive summary are available at
http://www.rayproffitt.org
. A limited number of hard copies are
available by contacting, The Raymond Proffitt Foundation at P.O. Box
-
723, Langhorne, PA. 19047-0723, or request by e-mail at
rayproffitt.org.
*******************************************
Note: Billiton is in the process of buying Rio Algom, the parent company
of
Nicolet Minerals Company(NMC). NMC is attempting to permit the
Crandon Wolf
River mine in Northeast Wisconsin. People have been sending letters
to Billiton
recommending that the company abandon their plans to buy Rio Algom
or drop the
Crandon mine project in the interest of their shareholders. For more
information, see www.treatyland.com
Date: Mon, 09 Oct 2000 12:29:18 -0500
From: Esty Dinur <edinur@facstaff.wisc.edu>
Sender: owner-wisc-eco@igc.apc.org
As usual, not much said.
> From: "Routledge, Eddie (BIS)" <ERoutledge@BILLITON.COM>
> Sender: "Savio, Anna Marie (BIS)" <ASavio@billiton.com>
> To: "'edinur@facstaff.wisc.edu'" <edinur@facstaff.wisc.edu>
> Subject: RE: No Crandon mine
> Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2000 15:21:02 +0100
>
> Dear Ms Dinur
>
> Thank you for your message.
>
> I have ensured that your email is forwarded to the appropriate persons
in
> Billiton. However, please bear in mind that our offer is not yet
concluded
> and that even if it is successful Billiton will take appropriate
time to
> come to decisions on the various assets obtained with Rio Algom.
>
> Regards
>
> Eddie
> __________________________
> Eddie Routledge
> HSE Manager
> Billiton International Services Ltd
> 1-3 Strand
> London
> WC2N 5HA
> +44 20 7747 3800 (Tel)
> +44 20 7747 3900 (Fax)
> eroutledge@billiton.com
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Esty Dinur [mailto:edinur@facstaff.wisc.edu]
> Sent: Thursday, October 05, 2000 12:57 PM
> To: mgonsalves@billiton.com;
eroutledge@billiton.com;
> agentil@billiton.com; mcampbell@billiton.com
> Subject: No Crandon mine
>
> Ladies and Gentlemen:
>
> As a citizen of Wisconsin, a media person and someone who cares about
the
> environment, I am writing to tell you that the people of this state
will do
> all they can to derail the possibility of a mine in Crandon. I strongly
> recommend that you withdraw your bid for Rio Algom Ltd. and save
your
> selves much chagrin.
>
> Best wishes for a wise decision,
>
> Esty Dinur
> edinur@facstaff.wisc.edu
>
> **********************************************************************
> This email and any files transmitted with it are confidential
> and intended solely for the use of the addressee(s).
> If you have received this email in error please notify the
> sender. Contents, which do not relate to formal Billiton
> business, are not endorsed by the company.
>
> **********************************************************************
Esty Dinur
edinur@facstaff.wisc.edu
*******************************************
4. Re: Application by WEPCO for additional dry cask
storage at Point Be ach
Nuclear Power Plant
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2000 19:55:15 GMT
From: "mitchell maricque" <mmjmaricque@hotmail.com>
>From: "Kitsembel, Jeff" <Kitsej@psc.state.wi.us>
>To: "'mmjmaricque@hotmail.com'" <mmjmaricque@hotmail.com>
>CC: "Loock, Jim" <LoockJ@psc.state.wi.us>
>Subject: Application by WEPCO for additional dry cask storage at
Point Be
>ach Nuclear Power Plant
>Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2000 09:12:36 -0500
>
>Mr. Maricque:
>
>Thank you for your inquiry concerning additional dry cask storage
at Point
>Beach Nuclear Power Plant.
>
>You ask why you can't find an order for this docket (6630-CE-275)
on the
>Commission's web site. This is because no order has been issued
yet. The
>Commission will issue its order after holding public hearings on the
>matter.
>Commission staff currently anticipate that the order will be issued
in the
>first quarter of 2001.
>
>You state the belief that the limit of 12 casks was set by the Wisconsin
>Supreme Court and ask how the Commission can overrule a decision by
the
>court. The limit of no more than 12 casks was set by the Commission
in its
>February 13, 1995, order in Docket 6630-CE-197. This order also
set out
>how
>Wisconsin Electric should apply to the Commission for authority to
>construct
>more than the originally authorized 12 casks. The Commission's
order was
>taken to court, where it was ultimately upheld.
>
>The Commission intends to hold public hearings in this matter.
Currently,
>a
>public hearing is tentatively scheduled for mid-December, 2000, in
>Manitowoc. Your name can be added to the list of persons who
will receive
>a
>copy of the hearing notice, which will contain the date, time and
place of
>the hearing. If you would like to have your name added to the
mailing
>list,
>please let me know which of the two addresses included in your e-mail
you
>would like the notice sent to.
>
>I can be reached via phone at (608) 266-9658 or via e-mail at
>kitsej@psc.state.wi.us.
>
>Jeffery Kitsembel
>Nuclear Engineer
>Public Service Commission of Wisconsin
*******************************************
5. SAVE THE CLIMATE TREATY -- Build a dike around world leaders!
From: gjvalentine@supanet.com
Mailing-List: list Climateconcern@earthwins.com; contact
Climateconcern-owner@earthwins.com
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2000 22:21:07 +0100
Come to The Hague, Netherlands, mid-November and join thousands
of people from all over Europe!
On November 18th in The Hague, when world leaders plan to fatally weaken
the global treaty against climate change (the Kyoto Protocol) thousands
of people concerned about global warming will erect a one kilometre
long
Dike around the conference venue. With this powerful symbol,
Friends
of the Earth wants to wake the world up to the dangers the climate
negotiations are facing. We invite YOU to help us build the dike.
Accommodation, sand bags and a party will be provided !
-- BE THERE ! --
Please distribute this email widely.
For more information visit http://www.foeeurope.org/dike
or e-mail thedike@foeeurope.org
The Dike Team @ Friends of the Earth
----------------------------------------------------------
Email Bill Clinton - The USA as a major contributor to climate change,
must
fully endorse and implement climate change policy. Send messages from
climateonline to world leaders. Visit the undernoted website which
links you
to email all selected world leaders. Dont delay - do it today!
----------------------------------------------------------
Horace Brown-Valentine
.Please feel free to send your input to:
Climateconcern@earthwins.com
.Please join by sending a blank e-mail to:
Climateconcern-subscribe@earthwins.com
*******************************
6. First annual Green Power Trade Show
From: "rhicks" <rhicks3@home.com>
Mailing-List: list Climateconcern@earthwins.com; contact
Climateconcern-owner@earthwins.com
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2000 22:38:18 -0400
Switching to Green Power -- replacing dirty power from coal-fired stations
with
electricity from clean energy sources like windmills, solar panels
and methane
gas collectors -- is an excellent way to combat smog and climate change.
With the electricity market set to open to competition in 2001, now
is the time
to lay the foundation for a vibrant Green Power market in Ontario.
To help
municipal governments, corporations, and non-profit groups learn how
they can
help make this happen, the Sierra Club of Canada and the Toronto Environmental
Alliance are hosting a Green Power Trade Show as part of the Independent
Power
Producers Society of Ontario's Annual General Meeting.
The Green Power Trade Show will take place on November 27 and
28 at the
Sheraton Centre Hotel (Queen and Bay St., across from Toronto City
Hall). A
detailed description and program, is attached. Any questions
can be directed
to Keith Stewart at the Toronto Environmental Alliance at (416) 596-0660
or
kstewart@web.ca.
******************************************
7. NGOs Demand US Reverse Pro-Nuclear Position on Climate
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2000 22:49:34 -0700
From: Beth von Gunten <colibri@west.net>
Sender: owner-infoterra@cedar.at
NGOs DEMAND US REVERSE PRO-NUCLEAR POSITION ON CLIMATE
On 5 October, 138 organizations, including Greenpeace, Friends of the
Earth, US Public Interest Research Group and Public Citizen, demanded
that the Clinton/Gore Administration change its current position in
support of allowing nuclear power to obtain credits through the Kyoto
Climate Agreement.
According to the letter, the US has stated it will walk away from
climate talks at COP-6, if the outcome excludes nuclear power from
receiving credits through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of
the Kyoto Agreement.
The letter states that the US position "smacks of neo-colonialism
because western nuclear companies, unable to get contracts at home
due to safety, environmental and cost concerns, would be attempting
to dump their unwanted and failing technology on developing countries.
More than 120 individuals signed the letter as well, including singer
Bonnie Raitt, actor Alec Baldwin, and numerous academics, doctors and
concerned citizens from across the country.
Copies of the letter are available upon request, and it is also on
NIRS' website at http://www.nirs.org
.
The press release can be found at:
http://www.nirs.org/nukecdmrelease1052000.htm
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8. Australia seeds Arctic waters with iron
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2000 23:47:06 -0700
From: Beth von Gunten <colibri@west.net>
Sender: owner-infoterra@cedar.at
AN IRON KEY MAY UNLOCK GREENHOUSE
The Age-Australia
Saturday 23 September 2000
http://www.theage.com.au/news/20000923/A12886-2000Sep22.html
Australian scientists, looking for ways to reduce the
amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, have dumped 10
tonnes of iron in the ocean off Antarctica. The iron caused
giant blooms of marine algae, which over 13 days absorbed
2000 tonnes of carbon dioxide. Ten years ago it was
proposed that fertilising the oceans with iron might create
algal blooms capable of soaking up much of the excess
carbon dioxide believed to be responsible for global
warming. In recent years, the technique, called iron
fertilisation, has been supported by laboratory experiments
and it has regularly been suggested that Antarctic waters,
which are well-endowed with algae, would be an ideal site
for iron fertilisation.
"The idea is, by adding small amounts of iron it encourages
the growth of phytoplankton," said Peter Sedwick, a
biogeochemist at the Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre.
"The phytoplankton captures carbon dioxide and takes it
down to the bottom of the ocean." Buoyed by laboratory
tests, scientists from the Hobart-based Antarctic CRC and
the University of Western Australia chose February, 1999,
to test iron fertilisation in Antarctic waters. In
collaboration with scientists from New Zealand and Britain,
the researchers fertilised 55 square kilometres of ocean
off Antarctica with ferrous sulphate - 20 times more iron
than is usually there.
Tom Trull, a chemical oceanographer at the Antarctic CRC,
said that over two weeks the number of algae increased
five-fold and absorbed 2000 tonnes of carbon dioxide. But
despite the algal bloom, any changes in the color of the
water were imperceptible, he said. "You could not see it
with the naked eye," he said. "It would have been the
clearest water you had seen in your life - clearer than the
water from your tap." Dr Trull said the algae removed 2000
tonnes of carbon dioxide from the ocean, paving the way for
the oceans to suck a further 2000 tonnes of carbon dioxide
from the atmosphere. Although it took only two weeks for
the algae to absorb 2000 tonnes of the greenhouse gas, it
would take about two months for the oceans to absorb an
equivalent amount from the atmosphere, he said.
According to the Australian Greenhouse Office, there are
about 1.2 megatonnes of carbon dioxide produced in
Australia each day. Although the Antarctic experiment used
10 tonnes of iron, Dr Trull said, the same results would
probably have been observed using only two tonnes.
Encouragingly, adding iron prompted an increase in a type
of algae known as diatoms. "The present view is that
diatoms are the most successful at taking up carbon
dioxide," Dr Trull said. Diatoms, which have shells of
silica, are not only efficient in absorbing carbon dioxide,
they also sink to the ocean floor, taking the greenhouse
gas with them. Dr Trull said diatoms must sink to at least
60 metres for the carbon dioxide to be effectively removed
from the global carbon cycle.
Nevertheless, Dr Trull said iron fertilisation was not the
absolute solution to reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide.
"It's never going to be a panacea, it's never going to be
able to suck out massive amounts of carbon dioxide," he
said.
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9. Gene scientists disable plants' immune system
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2000 13:12:51 -0700
From: Beth von Gunten <colibri@west.net>
Gene scientists disable plants' immune system
Antony Barnett, Public affairs editor
Observer, London UK
Sunday October 8, 2000
Scientists working for Swiss food giant Novartis have developed and
patented a method for 'switching off' the immune systems of plants,
to the outrage of environmentalists and Third World charities who
believe the new technology to be the most dangerous use so far of
gene modification. Patents filed by Novartis, manufacturers of
Ovaltine, reveal that its scientists expect to be able to use the
radical biotechnology for almost every crop on Earth.
Novartis claims that the new use of genetic modification will give
farmers greater control over disease and boost production. But
critics insist that it will make Third
World farmers dependent on buying the company's chemicals each year
to produce healthy harvests.
A spokeswoman for Novartis said: 'We are trying to help farmers, not
hinder them. We are looking at ways to improve the way plants fight
disease.'
She agreed that the company had discovered a way of genetically
modifying crops so that their immune systems were disabled, but
stressed that this was for 'research purposes' only.
The process involves transferring a single DNA molecule, described by
the firm as the 'NIM gene', to the plant. This gene then reacts with
the plant's immune system, allowing it to be switched on selectively
by the use of chemicals when disease threatens. But the patent also
describes plants where the entire immune system has been switched
off, making them highly prone to disease.
Environmentalists fear the new technology could have a disastrous
ecological impact if crops with their immune systems suppressed are
allowed to cross-pollinate with surrounding plant life.
The use of GM technology, which uses chemicals to activate genetic
traits, was specifically condemned by the UN earlier this year. It
recommended that the technology should not be field-tested and called
for a moratorium on its development until the impact had been fully
assessed.
The patent documents seen by The Observer suggest that Novartis
intends to use the new GM technology on 'barley, cucumber, tobacco,
rice, chilli, wheat, banana and
tomato'.
The company cites an extensive list of more than 80 crops, including
several cereals, dozens of fruit such as apples, pears and
strawberries, vegetables like beans and lentils, and cash crops like
cotton and tea.
Alex Wijeratna of Action Aid, a development charity that works with
farmers in developing countries, said: 'We find it extremely
frightening that such a powerful multi-national is working on this
type of technology, which seems aimed at protecting their profits by
threatening the rights of poor farmers.'
Dr Sue Mayer, director of Gene Watch, said: 'These companies should
halt development of these potentially dangerous products until there
has been a proper assessment of whether they are good for
agriculture.'
On Wednesday, the shareholders of Novartis and biotechnology giant
Astra Zeneca will vote on whether to merge and create the world's
largest GM company.
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From: "Karen Claxon" <kclaxon@earthlink.net>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2000 14:24:13 -0400
Sender: owner-infoterra@cedar.at
Reassessing Dioxin
1. "Tracking Dioxins to the Arctic" -- NECEC
http://www.cec.org/trio/stories/index.cfm?varlan=english&ed=200010&id=1
2. Center for the Biology of Natural Systems -- Queens College, New
York
http://www.cbns.org/
3. Executive Summary: "Long-Range Air Transport of Dioxin from North
American Sources to Ecologically Vulnerable Receptors in Nunavut,
Arctic Canada" [.pdf]
http://www.cec.org/programs_projects/pollutants_health/develop_tools/dio
xins/dioxexec.pdf
4. Full Report: "Long-Range Air Transport of Dioxin from North American
Sources to Ecologically Vulnerable Receptors in Nunavut,
Arctic Canada" [.pdf]
http://www.cec.org/programs_projects/pollutants_health/develop_tools/dio
xins/dioxrep.pdf
5. "Questions and answers about Dioxins" -- EPA [.pdf]
http://www.epa.gov/ncea/pdfs/dioxin/dioxin%20questions%20and%20answers.p
df
6. Dioxin and Related Compounds -- EPA/ NCEA
http://www.epa.gov/ncea/dioxin.htm
7. National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA)
http://www.epa.gov/ncea/
8. HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory)
http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ss/models/hysplit.html
9. "Nutrition and Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Americans," Fifth
Edition (2000) [.pdf]
http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2000/DIETGD.PDF
Dioxins are a group of extremely persistent, toxic chemical compounds
that share certain similarities in structural and biological properties.
Included in this group are CDDs (chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins), CDFs
(chlorinated dibenzofurans), and certain types of the now-familiar
PCBs
(polychlorinated biphenyls). These compounds, produced largely as
emissions during industrial processes, are linked to detrimental health
effects such as cancer, severe skin diseases, and reproductive and
developmental defects. In 1994, the US Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) produced a draft scientific reassessment of the health risks
resulting from exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
and other dioxins. Since then, the EPA has been working to revise and
update the 1994 draft, with intent to release a complete reassessment
in
calendar year 2001. Last week, the EPA released several new draft
documents online, as additions to the ongoing comprehensive reassessment
of dioxin science. In addition to this new EPA release, the North
American Commission for Environmental Cooperation (NACEC) has just
posted results of a separate study linking dioxin sources across North
America to a remote Arctic deposition location, Nunavut. This week's
In
The News focuses on dioxins and the dioxin reassessment initiative.
The first resource, from the NACEC newsletter (1), summarizes the recent
study in which scientists at the Center for the Biology of Natural
Systems (CBNS) (2) have, for the first time, successfully linked dioxins
in the Arctic to several thousand distant source locations. For further
details on that study, see the Executive Summary (3) or the Full Report
(4), both of which are available in .pdf format at the NACEC homepage.
For background information on dioxins, the Environmental Protection
Agency offers this page (.pdf format), answering basic questions about
dioxins (5). More information on dioxins -- including a description
of
the Dioxin Reassessment (with links to newly released Draft Documents),
the Dioxin Exposure Initiative (DEI), EPA Analytical Methods, and EPA
Regulations -- is available at this site (6), co-hosted by the EPA
and
the National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA) (7). Researchers
interested in the methodology used to link dioxin sources with
deposition areas should check out this site (8) from the Air Resources
Laboratory (NOAA), offering a detailed introduction to HYSPLIT, the
base
model scientists have been adapting to track dioxin sources. Finally,
for those who want to learn how to reduce dioxin exposure (via
intake
of saturated fats), this .pdf format report from the Dietary Guidelines
Advisory Committee is an instructive resource (9). [LXP]
>From The Scout Report for Science & Engineering, Copyright Internet
Scout Project 1994-2000. http://scout.cs.wisc.edu/
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11. Wisconsin Energy Corp. supporting natural gas pipeline
Last Updated: Oct. 11, 2000 at 5:32:18 a.m.
http://www.jsonline.com/WI/101100/wi--naturalgaspipelin10110053218.asp
*****************************************
12. New Belizean Environmental Website
Resent-Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2000 10:17:31 -0400
From: Belriver@aol.com
Resent-From: ecotalk@earthsystems.org
New Belizean Environmental and Cultural Website
Belize River Valley Development
The Belize River Valley website is at:
http://members.aol.com/Belriver/Belriver.htm
A Brief Background - The Belize River Valley
We were inspired to establish BELRIV OASIS - our not-for-profit community
based organization in the Belize River Valley of Belize, Central America
- to
enhance our humanity and to nurture productivity and environment as
a
response to a world of increasing brutality and inequality. BELRIV
Oasis
provides a welcome for all - especially children, away from the deserts
of
our despair to rejuvenation and fulfillment as Global citizens in harmony
with nature.
Our cultural, technical, social, artistic and political movements must
also
embrace the environment.
We have developed and will continue to develop our BELRIV website -
because
we feel that it is important that we create a content-rich website
- that is
not only informational, news that is relevant, but also literary in
recording
our history. Our website is our ongoing commitment towards building
a
relevant online community that educates the diaspora and urban inner
cities.
We need all the financial support we can get in reaching those that
have had
little or no contact in learning the vastness of our connectedness
and our
ecosystem. Not only is there a digital divide, but there is a divide
in
regards to inner city awareness to the environment - especially the
people in
our society whose existence is totally tied to surviving from one day
to
another. We want to reach those people and their children.
Sincerely,
Linda Fletcher
for BELRIV
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